A CNC laser cutter is a piece of computer numerical control (CNC) equipment that uses a focused, high-powered laser beam to mark, cut, or engrave a material to form custom shapes. Its unique design and operation make it highly accurate, especially when cutting intricate shapes and small holes.

AXIS Generation CNC Laser Cutting Programming

In the world of CNC laser cutting, programming is a fundamental element. Programming ensures that the CNC machine carries out the desired tasks in the correct sequence and manner. Two major programming languages are used in this field: G-code and M-code.

What is G-code

G-code, also known as preparatory code, is the most widely used numerical control (NC) programming language. It provides precise control of speed, location, and coordination of the CNC machine’s moving parts like the laser head, axes, and tool feed. Each line of a G-code contains commands telling the machine what to do and how to do it.

What is M-Code

M-code, or miscellaneous code, is another important NC programming language used alongside G-code. While G-code controls the position and speed of the machine, M-code controls other aspects of the machine, such as turning the laser on and off, changing the tool, or activating the coolant.

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) laser cutting is a laser cutting technology that utilizes a high-power laser beam guided by computer instructions to cut or engrave materials. This technique offers a high degree of accuracy and precision, capable of creating complex shapes and designs that would be almost impossible to achieve manually. It is commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, medical, and construction.

How Does CNC Laser Cutting Work?

Here’s a generalized explanation of the CNC laser cutting process:

• A design is created using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software.
• The CAD design is then converted into a CNC program using CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) software.
• The chosen material is prepared and placed on the CNC machine’s work surface.
• The machine is then set up according to the specific cutting requirements.
• The CNC machine guides the laser beam along the programmed path, cutting through the material.
• As the laser cuts, the material is cooled to prevent overheating and aid solidification.
• After cutting, the parts are inspected for quality, and post-processing steps may be performed if required.

What are the Main Stages of the CNC Laser Cutting Process?

Design and CAD/CAM Programming

The process begins with designing the desired shape or pattern using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Once the design is complete, it is converted into machine-readable code using computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. This code contains the instructions that will guide the CNC machine during the cutting process.

Material Preparation

The material to be cut, such as metal sheets, wood, acrylic, or other materials, is prepared and placed on the CNC laser cutting machine’s work surface.

Machine Setup

The CNC machine is set up for the specific material and thickness to be cut. This includes adjusting the focal length of the laser, selecting the appropriate cutting parameters (e.g., power, speed, and gas pressure for assist gases), and ensuring the correct alignment of the material.

Laser Cutting

Once the setup is complete, the CNC machine begins the cutting process. The focused laser beam is directed onto the material’s surface, rapidly heating it to the point of melting or vaporization. The high-energy laser cuts through the material along the programmed path, guided by the CNC instructions.

Material Removal

As the laser beam moves along the programmed path, it melts or vaporizes the material. The molten or vaporized material is expelled from the kerf (the cut path), leaving behind the desired shape or pattern.

Cooling and Solidification

As the laser cuts through the material, it generates a significant amount of heat. Cooling mechanisms, such as water or air jets, are often employed to prevent the material from overheating and to aid in solidification.

Quality Inspection

After the cutting process is complete, the cut parts are inspected for accuracy and quality. Any imperfections or deviations from the intended design are assessed, and adjustments can be made if necessary.

Post-Processing (Optional)

Depending on the application, the cut parts may undergo additional post-processing steps, such as deburring, surface treatment, or assembly.